Too many rows causing 500 error?

I have 40k entries in a database, and I am trying to call them using a simple fetch in laravel.

$domains = Domain::where("available", 1)->limit(1000)->get();
return view('domains')
    ->with("domains", $domains);

This works fine up to a few thousand rows. But if I set no limit on the call, I receive a 500 error. I can't fathom why, and I can't work out where I would look to discover how to avoid this issue, I can't seem to find anything in the apache logs, or laravel's own logs located in storage.